- connect new disk {diskB}
- use `fdisk -l` to find current disks info
- format {diskB} with `GPT` partition format.
- partition {diskB} to have exact partitions as old disk:
- / (the root) fileSystem: ex4
- /boot (for booting files including `grub`) fileSystem: ex2, flags: boot, esp
- fileSystem: unformatted, mount point: none, flags: bios_grub
- mount /boot of {diskB} to point /mnt and install grub
- > $ sudo grub-install –target=i386-pc –root-directory=/mnt –recheck –debug /dev/sdb
- mv /mnt/boot/* /mnt/
- use `mount {source path} {dest. path, like /mnt}` to mount new partitions and copy all files from the corresponding folders from old disk: cp -rf -a {source path} {dest. path}
- /bin 系统可执行文件
- /etc 系统核心配置文件
- /opt 用户程序文件
- /root root用户主目录
- /sbin 系统可执行文件
- /usr 程序安装目录
- /var 系统运行目录
- /boot
- create essential empty directories in {diskB}
- /dev 主要存放与设备（包括外设）有关的文件
- /proc 正在运行的内核信息映射
- /sys 硬件设备的驱动程序信息
- modify etc/fstab file to mount new /, /boot/ in {diskB} and old disk
- use `blkid` to check current partitions uuid
- change fstab:
- UUID={diskB’s `/` partition uuid} / ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1
- UUID={diskB’s `/boot` partition uuid} /boot ext4 defaults 0 2
- update-grub (if still not work, try to grub-install /dev/{diskB}
- reboot!
grub rescue mode if grub directory is not found at booting:
use `ls (hd0,1~9)/{any files like ./grub ./lost+found}` to check what your boot index is.
grub rescue>root=(hd0,{diskB’s boot partition index, `2` for example.})
grub rescue>prefix=/boot/grub
grub rescue>set root=(hd0,2)
grub rescue>set prefix=(hd0,2)/boot/grub
grub rescue>insmod normal
grub rescue>normal // auto enter `normal` mode
// normal mode /////////
grub>linux /vmlinuz-xxx-xxx root=/dev/{diskB} ro
grub>initrd /initrd.img-xxx-xxx
grub>boot